DR. BAWI HU SANNAK
By
No Than Kap
Dr. Bawi Hu in Carson Hall ah Laizo ṭong thuanthu
le Chinram khawlipi (capital/myodaw) thu ka ngan mi a simfiangnak parah ka hmuh
ve dan cu hitin a si.
1. “Mirang cozah in, Laizo lawng zir
ding a timi cu J.H.Cope in a duh lo ih
Tedim peng ah Tedim, Hakha peng ah Hakha, ti pawl a zirter,” a timi thu ah,_
kei ih ka sim mi cu J.H.Cope ih duh le duh lo thu si loin Mirang cozah in Laizo
an hril thu a si.
J.H.Cope hin Mirang cozah
bangin, Chin ṭong pakhat
lawng zirter duh ve sehla, tui ni ah
kanmah peng cio ah kanmah le ṭong hmang thotho in, Chin zapi theih mi “tlang
(common)” ih hman mi ṭong pakhat cu
a suak zo ding (Hitin ka sim ngamnak cu hnamdang Kawlca/ ṭong hman phun
hrek ihsin kan zir rero tikah kan thiam thluh ih Chinmi lala thu kan reltlang
tik hmanah Kawl rori hmang in thu kan rel thei). Cun, thimnakah, Mizoram ah an siangbawi pawlin Lakher, Hmar,
Ralte, tivek ṭong tampi
lakah “Duhlian/Lusei ṭong” pakhat
lawng an hmansak ih Bible le Dictionary tiang an tuahsak tikah, tui ni ah
Mizoram in common language an neih thei phah. (Mizoram siangbawi cu Mirang ram
in an siih Chinram siangbawi cu America in an si. An khawruahdan mindset a bangaw lo ih a pawizet). Kei
ka pawmdan cu Mirang cozah policy vekin Chin tong pakhat lawng tlawngah zirter
a si, ziangahtile rei hlanah
tlang ṭong neih
theinak lamzin nai/ṭha bik a si. J.H.Cope policy hi ka pawmdan a si lo.
2.
Pu No Than Kap in (Laizo) cu san khat hnu san khat cozah ih hman mi ca a
si, a timi hi a dik lo, a timi thu
ah,_
“… san khat hnu san khat cozah department in a hril ih a hman mi, a
um cia mi le a tlingtlak bik ṭong pakhat lawng in zirter dingah…” ka timi cu,
Mirang san Cozah Education Department in 1922-23 ah Chin Hills tlawng zate ih
zir dingih an hril mi; Democracy san 1958 ah
Cozah Information department in Chin awsuah ih hman dingin an hril bet
mi, Tawhlanzi kawngsi san ah siseh,
Ralkap sanah siseh, tui ni tiang san khat hnu san khat Radio ih an hril ih an
hman mi a si, ka tinak a si. Kan Laica cu san khat hnu san khat, zawi peng ca
(Laizo/Laiholh/Kamhau, etc.,) hman cozah tlawng ah a peh peh in zirmi a um lo ti cu ka thei ko.
3. “Mirang san lai ah Falam cu Chin
Hills District khua a rak si ruangah le
hmun lai bik a rak siih Laizo hmangtu
khal an rak tambik ruangah a tlak bik caholh a rak si nan tui ni ah Falam cu
khaw lai bik a si nawn lo, Mangki tonak District khal a si nawn lo, Laizo khal
a hmangtu tambik a si nawn lo ruangah a
tling bik caholh a si nawn lo,”_ tiin a simmi zoh tikah, (i) Mirang in
Laizo an rak hrilnak cu Mangki tonak
Chin District khawpi Falam a si ruangah, (ii) Mirang san laiah Laizo hmangtu an
rak tam bik ruangah, (iii) Falam cu khaw lai bik a rak si ruangah a si,_ a
tinak tluk a si.
Taktak ahcun,_ Mirang in Laizo an
rak hrilnak san cu District mangki tonak khua cu Falam a si ruang menah a si
lo. Laizo cu thiam a awl, awthluk (tone) a mal, Laizo (Lai+Zo) ṭong ah Lai ti
mi Falam, Hakha, Thantlang le Matupi ṭong tampi a tel cih, Zo ti mi Mizo,
Zomi (Tedim) tipawl a tel cih ve fawn ruangah a si. Hiruangah Laizo cu a
tlingtlak bik ṭong ka tinak a
si.
Tui san thar ah, communication a ṭha tuk zo,
lamzin a ṭha zo, khaw khat le khaw khat nitin kan hmuh awk thei zo ruangah (leitlun
hman global village a si zo ruangah), tong thu ah, tong hmannak hmun/khua
(geographical location where the dialect is used) siseh, Mangki tonak tivek
khawlipi a sinak le a hmangtu tam le mal zoh ih fehpi hnakin, hman tummi tong
cu “thiam awl, zir awl, aw thluk mal,
pengdang tong tel tam a si maw,” timi zoh in fehpi sawn sehla a dik deuh ding ti hi ka hmuhdan le fehpi dan
a si.
4. “Colonel Van Kulh nih khawlipi cu
1965 ah Hakha khua ah a ṭhial si loin,
Tawhlanzi kawngsi biachahnak tu kha a tlamtling khawhnak ca ah riantuantu
chungah a rak i tel bia tu a rak si. Tawhlanzi kawngsi biachahnak No. 111 ning
in Chinram uknak zungpi cu Kalaymyo in Hakha ah 1965 July 6 ah thial ding an
rak ti. Mangki zung cu Chin Affairs Secretary U Khin Ngunt le Chin Usi Ukathah
U San Kho Lian nih 1967 ah an rak thial” a timi thu ah sau deuh in ka sim ding.
#1962 ih General Ne Win in Kawlram a uk tikah Chinram uktu ding Chin
Council (Chin Usi ti mi) cu a hril ih Major Son Kho Lian cu Chairman ah a ret.
Ne Win ih Socialist Party san a din veten tlangpar mi ramkulhpawl (states)
zaten uktupawl cu anmah le ramkulh (state) khawpi cio ah to ding (zung kai
ding) tin thu a suah. Cutin Major Son Kho Lian khalin Kalemyo ah a to (zung a
awng) ih cuisin Chinram cu a uk (Culaiih Chin Usi Secretary Pu Tuang Hmung cun
Falam ah zung kai ding an si nan zung
hnatuanpawl umnak inn le hmun Falam ah a um lo ruangah Kalemyo ah an um lawk
tin a sim. ntk). Cutikah Kalemyo ih
Kawlpawl cu an thin a phang, ziangahtile Kale phairawn cu Chinram ih a can
lanta an phang. Curuangah Kawlpawl cun Ne Win hnenah lungkimlonak thu an thlen.
Kalemyo cu Chinram a si dah lo, Kawl le Shan khawpi a rak si ringring ruangah Chinmi khawpi bik vekin hman
a theih lo an ti (By Dr. Vumson).
# Cui hnuah Maj. San Kho Lian, saklam
Kawlram uktu Col. Lun Tin le a sangtu Col. Van Kulh, Chin Council sungtuan Pu
Tuang Hmung le a sangtu Pu Ngun To pawl cu Ne Win thawn an tokhawm. Cutawkah Ne
Win in Kalemyo si loin hmundangah office (zung) thawn sawn dingin a sim hai. Ne
Win cun khuitawkah thawn ti a sim lo, thawn a si hnuhnu cun khui hmunah a si khalle a pawi lo ti lawngin a sim.
Tokhawm hnuah Col. Lun Tin in Son Kho Lian hnenah putar (Ne
Win ) cun a thinlung a thleng leh ko
ding, khawruah harin um duh hlah tin a
sim (By Dr. Vumson).
# Col. Lun Tin cu a mai tonak hmunpi
Mandalay ih a tlun hnuah hnatuan dang thuah hmundangah khual a tlawng. Col. Lun
Tin um lo sungah a hnuaiih Col. Van Kulh in Kalemyo ih Chin Council sungtuan
sangtu Pu Ngun To thawn Hakha ih khawpi ṭhawnter dan ding an rak relkhawm. Ngun To le Van Kulh hi Hakha
peng mi veve an si (Some time after
returning to his headquarters in Mandalay, Lun Tin had to go away for a few
days. In the mean time, Colonel Van Kulh had been coordinating with Ngun To
when to move the capital to Haka. Both Van Kulh and Ngun To were native to the
Haka District. By Dr. Vumson). Chin council sungtuan Pu Tuang Hmung le Col.
Lun Tin an pahnihih an um lo veve laiah, Van Kulh in Chin Council sungtuan hnenah Hakha ah khawlipi ṭhawn dingin
thirhri (telegram) a thawih. Sungtuan sangtu Ngun To in cui telegram a hmuh
veten, Chinram ah fur can lamzin siat can laifang a sinan, sunsun zanzan in
Hakha ah an ṭhawn. Col. Lun
Tin cun a khualtlawnnak in a ra tlun sal tikah Haka ih an ṭhawn thu a
theiih ṭhawn lo dingin
Kalemyo ah thirhri (telegram) a thawih. Asinan Haka ih an ṭhawn thluh
tiang cui telegram cu Ngun To in a thup. Col. Lun Tin cun ziangruangah Kalemyo
ihsin Hakha ah ṭhawn a si ti thu zingzawi (inquiry) dingah thu a suah (When the absence of Tuang Hmung and Lun Tin
from their offices concided, Van Kulh sent a telegram to the Secretary of the
Chin Council to move the administration to Haka. On receiving the telegram,
Ngun To implemented the transfer of the Chin Administration to Haka by day and
night although it was during the rainy season and travel most difficult in the
Chin Hills. When Lun Tin learned about the transfer order, he sent another
telegram to kalemyo, but Ngun To hid it
until the transfer was completed. Colonel Lun Tin launched an investigation on
what had been done on the move of the Chin administration from Kalemyo to Haka
(By Dr. Vumson).
Culaifangah Ne Win cozah hnuaiih
thlaicinnak lam (Agricultural Department) ah thubuai a um ngelcelih Col. Lun
Tin khal cui thubuaiah a hmin a lang ve. Cutin Col. Lun Tin cu a hna ihsin ban
ter a si tikah Chinram khawpi bik thawn a sinak thu khal zingzawi nawn loin a
liam lanta. Cutin tui Haka cu Chinram khawplipi ah a cang ih Chin pawl in an
pupa san ihsin Shan thawn an rak neih tlang mi (Phairawn=Lairawn) hmunram ṭha cu an hloh
phah (At the same time there was a
scandal in the Agricultural Department of the Newin government in which Lun Tin
had a hand. With Colonel Lun Tin’s
departure from the military the case was closed. With this maneuver, Haka got
the capital and the Chin lost their access to the fertile land of their
forefathers, which they shared with the Shan (By Dr. Vumson).
5.
1896 in 1965 kum tiang “Falam khua cu Chinram khawlipi a rak si bal
lo” a ti mi thu ah, “Falam cu
Chinram khawlipi a rak si” kan ti theinak san cu Dr. Vumson khalin “Thus Falam became the Chin Hills District
capital since 1892,” tiin a ngan zo nan a hnuaiah ka ngan bet (Himi ca cemnak ah Dr.Vumsoin ngan mi siar aw).
(1)
Chinram cu Chin Hills, Chin Special Division, Chin State tiin Mirang
sanlai in tui san tiang hmin pek vivo a si. 1892 in 1947 tiang Mirang san lai
ah Chinram cu Chin Hills tiin an ko ih Magwe Division hnuai ah District in ret
a si. Himi District sungah sub-division tiin Tedim, Haka le Falam (pathum) an
um. Chin Hills ih um Hakha, Falam, Tedim, sub-divisions uknak
khawlipi/myodaw cu Falam a si ruangah
Chinram uknak khawlipi (capital/myodaw) a rak sinak a si.
(2)
Zalennak (independent) ngah hnu 1948 ihsin 1965 tiang Falam cu myodaw a
si vivonak san cu;_ 1947 Constitution ah Chin Hills cu Chin Special Division
tiin a hmin thleng a si (There shall be a Special Division of the Chins
comprising such areas in the Chin Hills District and the Arakan Hill Tracts as
may be determined by the President. (Cf. 1947
Constitution of Burma. Part V. Art. 196.)
Cutin Matupi, Mindat (Kanpetlet) tipawl Pakoku District ih um mi le Arakan ih
um Paletwa cu Chin Hills District ah ret an si. An zaten Chin Special Division
tiin kawh a siih Falam cu khawlipi (capital, myodaw) a si (At
independence, Matupi, Mindat (Kanpetlet) formerly Pakoku district and Paletwa
district, formerly of Arakan, were added to Chin Hills District. Together this
region was called the Chin Special Division, with the capital in Falam. By Dr Vumson). District dinhmun in Special
Division ih ret hnu khalah Falam ah Commissioner (Mangki) zung cu khaw dang ah ṭhawn lo in a
um vivo ruangah Falam cu Myodaw a
sinak a si.
Cun, Dr. Bawi Hu in, “Kawlram luatnak hmuh hnu cun Falam ah
mangki bawi cu hun chiah a si i Chinram cu a uk, Chin special division an rak
ti” tiin Chinram uktu bik mangki bawi umnak cu Falam khua a si tin amah
rorin a sim nan, “Falam khua cu Chinram
khawlipi a rak si bal lo” a ti thotho cu mangbangza a si. A sim dan vek a
sile tui ni ih Chin State uktu Chief Minister umnak Haka khal khawlipi a si lo
ti theih a si.
TLANGKAWM:
@Tunai October 18, 2012 ah Kalemyo
Tat-Oo-Thida vengah Tedim lam upapawl thawn ramthu thurel tlangnak kan nei.
2010 election laiih keimah thawn Chin Affairs Minister sinak cuh vetu Pu Cin Za
Pum in “Laizo tong cu Tedim lam le Hakha/Thantlang lam khalin kan thiam, zir a
awl, tong a harsa lo, curuangah tlang tong dingah a tlak mi a si,” tiin mipi
hmaiah a sim.
@Pu Hre Lian Kio cun, “Chinmi Tlangca le Tlangholh thu ah zohman sim ngam
lo mi na sim ih sangka na awng zo. Himi hnulam cu kanmah Laimipawl in ziangtin
kan fehpi timi lawng a tang,” tiin i sim.
Kan fehpi thiam a si le rei hlanah Tlangca le Tlangtong khal Chinpawl in
kan nei ding. Kan fehpi thiam lo a sile Chinmi pakhat le pakhat kan biakawk tik
le meeting kan neih tik khalah hnamdang ṭong “Kawl/English” cu thiam taktak
hnai loin, aw pai tluitlo in kan hmang rero lai ding.
____________
Siar vivo
duhtu hrangah
How Chin Capital Was Moved
BY
Dr. Vumson Suantak
(This is a comment I wrote on the Chin State Capital in response to Dr. Lian Hmung Sakhong’s book. He writes) “Since the arrival of the British, Haka became the capital of Eastern Chinram.” To my recollection Haka had never been the capital of Eastern Chinram until 1964. Let me give an account of the Eastern Chinram capital.
When the British annexed the Chin
Hills, they first established their camp at Thangmual, calling it Fort White
after General White, who was the commander of the army that subdued the Sizang
and surrounding areas. Fort White was in the Sizang area. In 1892, the Sizang
chiefs and other chiefs of the general Tedim area planned the assassination of
Carey, who was the political officer. The players were Thuam Thawng of Kaptel,
his son Pau Dal, Khan Dal, chief of Heilei, and the Sizang chiefs. They invited
Mr. Carey saying that they were to give him some presents. However, on the
appointed day Mr. Carey was ordered by his superiors to go somewhere else and
the Myo-Ok who was an Arakanese was to come to receive the presence.. The plotters
decided that as the Myo-ok , being an agent of the British should be welcome
and assassinated. The plotters then informed and received their approval from
the Lusei, Haka, Tlasun, and Zahau chiefs.
Due to the assassination, the
British moved their headquarters then to Falam, and Falam became the capital of
the Chin Hills District. At that time the Chin Hills District covered the
Tedim, Falam and Hakha districts. The Chin Hills Battalion was stationed in
Falam. Its soldiers were a mix of Indian sepoys and local recruits. The
higher-ranking officers were British until local recruits were promoted as
officers. The deputy commissioner was the highest authority at Falam. They
created a post and telegraph offices, and a police force that was stationed in
Falam. Thus Falam became the Chin Hills
District Capital since 1892.
At independence, Matupi,
Mindat (Kanpetlet) formerly of Pakokku district and Paletwa district, formerly
of Arakan, were added to the Chin Hills District. Together this region was
called the Chin Special Division, with the capital
in Falam. The Minister of the Chin Affairs Pu Vumtu Maung, a Cho from
Mindat, however did not sit in Falam, but sat in Rangoon together with the
cabinet members of the Union Government. The Commissioner of the Chin Special
Division did sit in Falam and most of the administration was under his
jurisdiction. Thereafter, Pu Sing Htang and Pu Za Hre Lian were Ministers for
the Chin Affairs under the AFPFL governments. They sat in Rangoon.
In 1958 the ruling AFPFL party split into two factions and the Stable AFPFL had the majority. Thus Pu Ral Hmung, a native of Haka district, became the Chin affairs minister. He ordered the transfer of the Chin Capital to Haka immediately after becoming the minister. But before it was implemented, General Ne Win, who was the Prime Minister of the Caretaker Government at that time, gave Ral Hmung an ultimatum, to resign or be fired. Ral Hmung resigned and the transfer was not implemented.
When General Ne Win took over power the second time in 1962, he handpicked the members of the Chin Council and appointed Major Son Kho Lian as the Chairman. Son Kho Lian set up his administration at Kalemyo, in order to facilitate communication with Rangoon, the Union Capital, and easier access to the fertile Kale-Kabaw- Myttha –Gangaw Valley. The Burman had once protested the presence of the Chin administration in Kalemyo. This time some Burman from the Stable AFPFL complained to Ne Win that the Chin administration had no place in Kalemyo because Kalemyo had been a Shan – Burman town and did not belong to the Chins.
At a meeting between Ne Win,
Son Kho Lian and several Council members, Northern Burma Army Commander Colonel
Lun Tin, his deputy Colonel Van Kulh, Pu Tuang Hmung, the Chin Council
Secretary, and his deputy Pu Ngun To, Ne Win told Son Kho Lian that he wanted
him to transfer his administration somewhere else. Ne Win said that it was an
annoyance and he did not care where the administration would be moved. Son Kho
Lian and his council members contemplated where it would best be moved, and some
suggested to Webula just north of Kalemyo or the other to Gangaw area at Chin
Special Division and Burma border.
After the meeting Lun Tin told
Son Kho Lian that he should take it easy and the “old man” would change his
mind. Some time after returning to his headquarters in Mandalay, Lun Tin had to
go away for a few days. In the mean time, Colonel
Van Kulh had been coordinating with Ngun To when to move the capital to Haka.
Both Van Kulh and Ngun To were native to the Haka district.
When the absence of Tuang Hmung and
Lun Tin from their offices coincided, Van
Kulh sent a telegram to the Secretary of the Chin Council to move the
administration to Haka. On receiving the telegram, Ngun To implemented the
transfer of the Chin administration to Haka by day and night although it was
during the rainy season and travel most difficult in the Chin Hills. When Lun
Tin learned about the transfer order, he sent another telegram to Kalemyo, but Ngun To hid it until the transfer was
completed. Colonel Lun Tin launched an investigation on what had been done
on the move of the Chin administration from Kalemyo to Haka.
At the same time there was a
scandal in the Agricultural Department of the Ne Win government in which Lun
Tin had a hand. With Colonel Lun Tin’s departure from the military the case was
closed. With this maneuver, Haka got the capital and the Chin lost their access
to the fertile land of their forefathers, which they shared with the Shan. Most
importantly, the transfer to Haka did not happen until that time, and not
“Since the arrival of the British” as the author claims.
(Pu Lian Uk suggested that Van Kulh
might face some disciplinary action if he was involved in such a matter. I
believe that had Lun Tin was not removed from his post Col. Van Kulh might face
some disciplinary action but luckily that did not happened.)
POSTED BY THAWNGNO ⋅ AUGUST
21, 2012
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